REMOVING FILES AND DIRECTORIES - Using os.remove() and os.rmdir()

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
REMOVING FILES AND DIRECTORIES - Using os.remove() and os.rmdir()
Demonstrates safe file and directory deletion
"""

import os
import tempfile
import shutil

print("=" * 60)
print("REMOVING FILES AND DIRECTORIES")
print("=" * 60)

temp_dir = tempfile.gettempdir()
test_dir = os.path.join(temp_dir, "remove_demo")
os.makedirs(test_dir, exist_ok=True)

print(f"Created test directory: {test_dir}\n")

# Example 1: Basic os.remove() for files
print("1. Basic os.remove() - Delete File")
print("-" * 40)
test_file = os.path.join(test_dir, "delete_me.txt")
with open(test_file, 'w') as f:
    f.write("This file will be deleted\n")

print(f"  Created: {test_file}")
print(f"  Exists before: {os.path.exists(test_file)}")

os.remove(test_file)
print(f"  Exists after:  {os.path.exists(test_file)}")

# Example 2: os.rmdir() for empty directories
print("\n2. os.rmdir() - Remove Empty Directory")
print("-" * 40)
empty_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, "empty_directory")
os.mkdir(empty_dir)

print(f"  Created: {empty_dir}")
print(f"  Exists before: {os.path.exists(empty_dir)}")

os.rmdir(empty_dir)
print(f"  Exists after:  {os.path.exists(empty_dir)}")

# Example 3: rmdir() fails on non-empty directory
print("\n3. rmdir() Fails on Non-Empty Directory")
print("-" * 40)
non_empty_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, "non_empty")
os.mkdir(non_empty_dir)

# Add a file to it
with open(os.path.join(non_empty_dir, "file.txt"), 'w') as f:
    f.write("content")

try:
    os.rmdir(non_empty_dir)
except OSError as e:
    print(f"  Error: {e}")
    print("  rmdir() only works on empty directories")

# Example 4: Safe file removal with exists check
print("\n4. Safe File Removal with Existence Check")
print("-" * 40)

def safe_remove_file(filepath):
    """Safely remove file if it exists"""
    if os.path.exists(filepath):
        os.remove(filepath)
        print(f"  Removed: {filepath}")
        return True
    else:
        print(f"  File doesn't exist: {filepath}")
        return False

test_file2 = os.path.join(test_dir, "test.txt")
with open(test_file2, 'w') as f:
    f.write("test")

safe_remove_file(test_file2)
safe_remove_file(test_file2)  # Try again

# Example 5: Remove multiple files
print("\n5. Remove Multiple Files")
print("-" * 40)
files_to_remove = []
for i in range(5):
    filepath = os.path.join(test_dir, f"file{i}.txt")
    with open(filepath, 'w') as f:
        f.write(f"Content {i}")
    files_to_remove.append(filepath)

print(f"  Created {len(files_to_remove)} files")

for filepath in files_to_remove:
    os.remove(filepath)
    print(f"  Removed: {os.path.basename(filepath)}")

# Example 6: Remove files by pattern
print("\n6. Remove Files by Pattern (*.log)")
print("-" * 40)

# Create log files
log_files = ["app.log", "error.log", "debug.log"]
for logfile in log_files:
    filepath = os.path.join(test_dir, logfile)
    with open(filepath, 'w') as f:
        f.write("Log content")

print(f"  Created {len(log_files)} log files")

# Remove all .log files
removed_count = 0
for filename in os.listdir(test_dir):
    if filename.endswith('.log'):
        filepath = os.path.join(test_dir, filename)
        os.remove(filepath)
        removed_count += 1

print(f"  Removed {removed_count} .log files")

# Example 7: Remove old files (by modification time)
print("\n7. Remove Old Files (Simulated)")
print("-" * 40)
import time

# Create files with different times
old_file = os.path.join(test_dir, "old.txt")
new_file = os.path.join(test_dir, "new.txt")

with open(old_file, 'w') as f:
    f.write("old")
time.sleep(0.01)
with open(new_file, 'w') as f:
    f.write("new")

# Get file ages
old_mtime = os.path.getmtime(old_file)
new_mtime = os.path.getmtime(new_file)

print(f"  old.txt modification time: {old_mtime}")
print(f"  new.txt modification time: {new_mtime}")

# Remove older file
if old_mtime < new_mtime:
    os.remove(old_file)
    print(f"  Removed older file: old.txt")

os.remove(new_file)

# Example 8: Remove directory tree with shutil
print("\n8. Remove Directory Tree (shutil.rmtree)")
print("-" * 40)
tree_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, "tree")
os.makedirs(os.path.join(tree_dir, "sub1", "sub2"))
with open(os.path.join(tree_dir, "file.txt"), 'w') as f:
    f.write("test")
with open(os.path.join(tree_dir, "sub1", "file.txt"), 'w') as f:
    f.write("test")

print(f"  Created directory tree with files")
print(f"  Exists before: {os.path.exists(tree_dir)}")

shutil.rmtree(tree_dir)
print(f"  Exists after:  {os.path.exists(tree_dir)}")
print("  Removed entire tree including all contents")

# Example 9: Error handling
print("\n9. Error Handling")
print("-" * 40)

# Try to remove non-existent file
try:
    os.remove(os.path.join(test_dir, "nonexistent.txt"))
except FileNotFoundError:
    print("  FileNotFoundError: File doesn't exist")

# Try to remove directory with remove()
test_subdir = os.path.join(test_dir, "subdir")
os.mkdir(test_subdir)
try:
    os.remove(test_subdir)
except OSError:
    print("  OSError: Cannot use remove() on directory")
os.rmdir(test_subdir)

# Example 10: Safe removal function
print("\n10. Comprehensive Safe Removal Function")
print("-" * 40)

def safe_remove(path):
    """Safely remove file or empty directory"""
    try:
        if not os.path.exists(path):
            print(f"  Path doesn't exist: {path}")
            return False

        if os.path.isfile(path):
            os.remove(path)
            print(f"  Removed file: {os.path.basename(path)}")
            return True

        elif os.path.isdir(path):
            if not os.listdir(path):
                os.rmdir(path)
                print(f"  Removed empty directory: {os.path.basename(path)}")
                return True
            else:
                print(f"  Directory not empty: {os.path.basename(path)}")
                return False

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"  Error removing {path}: {e}")
        return False

# Test safe_remove
test_file = os.path.join(test_dir, "safe_test.txt")
with open(test_file, 'w') as f:
    f.write("test")
safe_remove(test_file)

test_empty_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, "empty")
os.mkdir(test_empty_dir)
safe_remove(test_empty_dir)

safe_remove(non_empty_dir)  # Non-empty from earlier
shutil.rmtree(non_empty_dir)

# Cleanup
shutil.rmtree(test_dir)

print("\n" + "=" * 60)
print("Key Points:")
print("  - os.remove() deletes files")
print("  - os.rmdir() deletes empty directories")
print("  - shutil.rmtree() deletes directory trees")
print("  - Always check existence before removing")
print("  - Handle exceptions appropriately")
print("=" * 60)